The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, required Mexico to cede approximately half of its territory to the United States, including present-day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico. In return, the U.S. agreed to pay Mexico $15 million and assume certain claims of American citizens against Mexico, totaling about $3.25 million. The treaty aimed to formally end the Mexican-American War, establishing the Rio Grande as the border between Texas and Mexico. Additionally, it promised protection and civil rights for Mexican residents in the ceded territories.
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