How does a light bulb release heat energy?

A light bulb releases heat energy primarily through the process of electrical resistance. When electricity flows through the filament of an incandescent bulb, it encounters resistance, which generates heat as a byproduct. This heat causes the filament to glow and produce light, but a significant portion of the energy is dissipated as heat rather than visible light. In other types of bulbs, like LED bulbs, heat is still produced but is managed more efficiently, resulting in less heat output compared to incandescent bulbs.