Trenches, volcanoes, and mountains are typically associated with tectonic plate boundaries. Trenches often form at convergent boundaries where one plate subducts beneath another, leading to deep oceanic trenches. Volcanoes primarily occur at divergent boundaries, where plates separate, or at convergent boundaries where subduction leads to melting of the mantle. Mountains usually arise at convergent boundaries where two continental plates collide, causing the crust to buckle and fold, creating mountain ranges.
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