Is there a way to get to Chicago from Peoria by a train?

There is no passenger train service of any kind in Peoria at this time, although there are proposals for future train service.

If you are coming to Chicago, the fastest way (without driving) would be Peoria Charter Coach buses to O'Hare or Midway (these are regularly scheduled buses, not charters). You can also take Burlington Trailways buses to the Greyhound station in Chicago.

The nearest Amtrak train station to Peoria is in Bloomington IL, which is about 40 miles.