Dog drinks copious amounts of water and throws it back up?

What kind of dog do you have? It could be that your dog doesn't know when he/she is full and will continue this until he/she dies. Try leaving ONE bowl of water at every meal. Do NOT put out any more unless you came back from a walk/run/whatever you do. Even then, only fill the bowl, at the most, three times. A specific type of dog has that flaw within their genes. They can't tell when they are full, so they will eat/drink themselves to death. Be careful.