How do lichens get energy and food?

Lichens obtain energy and food through a symbiotic relationship between fungi and photosynthetic partners, usually algae or cyanobacteria. The photosynthetic partner produces carbohydrates through photosynthesis, which the fungal component absorbs. In return, the fungus provides structure, protection, and access to moisture and minerals, allowing both organisms to thrive in various environments. This unique partnership enables lichens to colonize harsh habitats where neither partner could survive alone.