Why cesare beccaria condemned the torture?

Cesare Beccaria condemned torture because he believed it was inhumane, ineffective, and unjust. He argued that torture often led to false confessions and unreliable evidence, undermining the integrity of the legal system. Beccaria emphasized that punishment should be proportionate to the crime and focused on prevention rather than retribution, advocating for a more rational and humane approach to justice. His ideas contributed significantly to the development of modern criminal justice principles.